Презентация «Sissejuhatus infotehnoloogiasse»

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Sissejuhatus infotehnoloogiasse

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Loengu ülevaade Kordamine: II maailmasõja aegsed esimesed arvutid Raadiolampide tööpõhimõte 1947-1960 Transistor Arvutite tööstuslik tootmine, IBM-i domineerimine Kõvakettad Integraalskeemid SAGE: …

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First operative digital computers

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Kordamine: raadiolambi tööpõhimõte

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1947 Three scientists at Bell Telephone Laboratories, William Shockley, Walter Brattain, and John Bardeen demonstrate their new invention of the point-contact transistor amplifier.

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Transistori tööpõhimõte

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1949 Maurice Wilkes assembled the EDSAC, the first practical stored-program computer, at Cambridge University. His ideas grew out of the Moore School lectures he had attended three years earlier. For …

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1950  Engineering Research Associates of Minneapolis built the ERA 1101, the first commercially produced computer; the company's first customer was the U. S. Navy. It held 1 million bits on its …

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1951  The UNIVAC I delivered to the U. S. Census Bureau was the first commercial computer to attract widespread public attention. Although manufactured by Remington Rand, the machine often was …

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Early AI programs: checkers, chess (Britain)‏ Strachey wrote a checkers program for the Ferranti Mark I at Manchester (with Turing's encouragement and utilising the latter's recently …

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Early AI programs: checkers (USA)‏ The first AI program to run in the U. S. was also a checkers program, written in 1952 by Arthur Samuel of IBM for the IBM 701. Samuel took over the essentials of …

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1952 Heinz Nixdorf founded Nixdorf Computer Corp. in Germany. It remained an independent corporation until merging with Siemens in 1990. A complaint is filed against IBM, alleging monopolistic …

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1953 IBM shipped its first electronic computer, the 701. Speedcoding: John Backus.

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1954 Texas Instruments announces the start of commercial production on silicon transistors. [110] Herbert Simon and Allen Newell unveiled Logic Theorist software that supplied rules of reasoning and …

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1955 William Shockley founds Shockley Semiconductor in Palo Alto, California However, the venture did not go well, partly because of Shockley's managerial style, and partly because he diverted …

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Side note: Stanford University in Palo Alto

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Side note: Hewlett Packard HP is recognized as the symbolic founder of Silicon Valley

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Side note: Palo Alto in Silicon Valley

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1956 A U. S. District Court makes a final judgement on the complaint against IBM filed in January 1952 regarding monopolistic practices. A "consent decree" is signed by IBM, placing …

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1957… A new language, FORTRAN (short for formula translator), enabled a computer to perform a repetitive task from a single set of instructions by using loops. The first commercial FORTRAN program …

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… 1957 A group of eight engineers leaves Shockley Semiconductor to form Fairchild Semiconductors. Kenneth Olsen founds Digital Equipment Corporation.

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1958 SAGE -- Semi-Automatic Ground Environment -- linked hundreds of radar stations in the United States and Canada in the first large-scale computer communications network.

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1958 At Texas Instruments, Jack St. Clair Kilby comes up with the idea of creating a monolithic device (integrated circuit) on a single piece of silicon. Later (in 2000) Kilby receives Nobel price in …

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1959 Fairchild Semiconductor files a patent application for the planar process for manufacturing transistors. The process makes commercial production of transistors possible and leads to …

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1960 IBM develops the first automatic mass-production facility for transistors, in New York. AT&T designed its Dataphone, the first commercial modem, specifically for converting digital computer …

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1960 A team drawn from several computer manufacturers and the Pentagon developed COBOL, Common Business Oriented Language. Project leader: Grace Hopper. LISP made its debut as the first computer …

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1960 DEC PDP-1: MIT TX project aftermath The PDP-1 sold for 0,000. MIT wrote the first video game, Space War! for it. A total of 50 were built. Each had a cathode ray tube graphic display. No real …

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1961 Fairchild Semiconductor releases the first commercial integrated circuit. According to Datamation magazine, IBM had an 81. 2-percent share of the computer market in 1961, the year in which it …

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1962 Teletype ships its Model 33 keyboard and punched-tape terminal, used for input and output on many early microcomputers. Ivan Sutherland creates a graphics system called Sketchpad.

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1963 Douglas Engelbart receives a patent on the mouse pointing device for computers. ASCII -- American Standard Code for Information Interchange -- permitted machines from different manufacturers to …

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1964 … Ian Sharp and others found I. P. Sharp Associates, in Canada. IBM announced System/360, a family of six mutually compatible computers and 40 peripherals that could work together.

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…1964 Gordon Moore suggests that integrated circuits would double in complexity every year. This later becomes known as Moore's Law.

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Moore’s law

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…1964 CDC's 6600 supercomputer, designed by Seymour Cray, performed up to 3 million instructions per second -- a processing speed three times faster than that of its closest competitor, the IBM …

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1965 Digital Equipment Corp (abbreviated DEC) introduced the PDP-8, the first commercially successful minicomputer. The PDP-8 sold for ,000, one-fifth the price of a small IBM 360 mainframe. The …

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1966 Steven Gray founds the Amateur Computer Society, and begins publishing the ACS Newsletter. Some consider this to be the birth-date of personal computing. International Research Corp. is …

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1967… The first Consumer Electronics Show is held in New York City. International Research applies for a patent for a method of constructing double sided magnetic tape utilizing a MU-Metal Foil Inter …

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…1967 Seymour Papert designed LOGO as a computer language for children.

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1968… Edsger Dijkstra's "GO TO considered harmful" letter, published in Communications of the ACM, fired the first salvo in the structured programming wars. International Research …

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…1968 Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore leave Fairchild Semiconductors. Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore found Intel Corporation. Ed Roberts and Forest Mims found Micro Instrumentation Telemetry Systems …

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…1968 Douglas C. Engelbart, of the Stanford Research Institute, demonstrates his system of keyboard, keypad, mouse, and windows at the Joint Computer Conference in San Francisco's Civic Center. …

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1969 AT&T Bell Laboratories programmers Kenneth Thompson and Dennis Ritchie developed the UNIX operating system on a spare DEC minicomputer. Thompson re-wrote Space Travel game in assembly …

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1969 Advanced Micro Devices Incorporated is founded. [141] Intel's Marcian (Ted) Hoff designs an integrated circuit chip that could receive instructions, and perform simple functions on data. …

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State of the art: software and hardware In 1967 MacHACK VI became the first program to beat a human (rate 1510) at a competition, at the Massachussets State Championship. In 1968 International Master …

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Roots and birth of Intel and AMD 55: Shockley Semiconductor (Shockley was one of the inventors of transistor, Nobel price in 56)‏ 57: Fairchild Semiconductors (group of 8 Shockley engineers)‏ 68: …

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1970 Xerox opens the Palo Alto Research Center (PARC). Intel creates the 1103 chip, the first generally available DRAM memory chip. Wayne Pickette takes his computer-on-a-chip design to Intel, and is …

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First microprocessor: Intel 4004

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