Презентация «Radiation safety training»
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Radiation Safety Training Radiation Safety Training
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Basic Radiation Theory and Fundamentals Basic Radiation Theory and Fundamentals Sources of Ionizing Radiation Biological Effects and Risks of Exposure to Ionizing Radiation Radiation Protection …
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Nucleus: Contains Protons (+1 charge) and Neutrons (no charge) Nuclear Diameter ~ 10-15 m Electrons: orbit the nucleus (-1 charge) Atomic Diameter ~ 10-10 m More than 99. 9% of the atomic mass and …
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Ionizing versus Non-Ionizing Radiation Ionizing versus Non-Ionizing Radiation
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Absorbed The rad (radiation absorbed dose) is the energy deposited per unit mass by Dose ionizing radiation in a material. One rad equals 100 ergs per gram. The SI unit of absorbed dose is the Gray. …
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Radioactivity: The spontaneous decomposition or disintegration of unstable atomic nuclei is termed radioactivity. The energy and particles which are emitted during the decomposition /decay process …
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Photodisintegration X-Ray disappears => liberates a proton, neutron or alpha particle Photoelectric Effect X-Ray disappears => liberates an atomic electron
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Compton Scatter X-Ray survives => liberates an electron while changing course and losing some energy Pair Production X-Ray disappears => creates an electron / positron pair
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Common Sources of Ionizing Radiation Common Sources of Ionizing Radiation Sources of Background Radiation Exposure Natural Background Medical Diagnosis and Treatment Manufactured/Industrial Sources …
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Biological Response to Ionizing Radiation – Key Terms Biological Response to Ionizing Radiation – Key Terms Somatic, Stochastic, Deterministic, Heritable Radiation Biology – Mechanisms & Effects …
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Radiation Biology – Key Terms Somatic Effects: biological effects that occur on the exposed individual Deterministic Effects: definite threshold; the severity of effect increases with dose (Examples: …
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Radiation Causes Ionizations of: ATOMS which may affect MOLECULES which may affect CELLS which may affect TISSUES which may affect ORGANS which may affect THE WHOLE BODY
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![Radiation Biology – Mechanisms DNA is the Target of Concern (Deoxyribonucleic acid [DNA] encodes the](/documents_6/589205f5caa81d9a21083375fbb3c19e/img18.jpg)
Radiation Biology – Mechanisms DNA is the Target of Concern (Deoxyribonucleic acid [DNA] encodes the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms) Direct …
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Radiation Biology – Affects What can Happen after Direct or Indirect DNA Damage? Detection and Repair Cell Death DNA Changes With No Negative Effects DNA Changes With Deleterious Effects
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Radiation Biology – Factors Affecting Biological Response Total Dose Received & Dose Rate Greater total dose and dose rates generally equate to more damage Type and Energy of Radiation Alpha …
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Acute versus Chronic Exposures Chronic radiation exposures: low doses over long time periods Acute radiation exposures: high doses over short time periods The following effects are associated with …
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Radiation Risk Radiation Exposure Is Assumed to Increase Cancer Risk Approximately 35 – 45% of all people will develop cancer in their lifetime – aside from radiation exposure. Approximately 20% of …
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The Principles of Radiological Protection The Principles of Radiological Protection Epidemiological Studies Dose Response Models National / International Recommendations & Laws Occupational …
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Justification – No practice shall be adopted unless its introduction produces a net positive benefit. This is a societal decision. Optimization – All exposures shall be kept ALARA, economic and …
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Epidemiology – the study of patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in defined populations. Epidemiology – the study of patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease …
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Epidemiological studies are performed and presented Epidemiological studies are performed and presented UNSCEAR World Health Organization National and International agencies make recommendations …
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Unrestricted Area – Any area that is not controlled for the purposes of radiation safety (offices, break rooms, meeting rooms, non-production, non-test areas) Unrestricted Area – Any area that is not …
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The developing embryo/fetus, with rapidly dividing cells, is sensitive to many environmental factors including ionizing radiation. The developing embryo/fetus, with rapidly dividing cells, is …
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Member of the Public: means an individual who is not a radiation worker, has not received radiation safety training and who is not monitored for occupational exposure Member of the Public: means an …
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Radiation Protection Policies and Procedures The ALARA Concept (Time, Distance and Shielding) Signs, Labels, and Postings Access Controls
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ALARA is an acronym for As Low As Reasonably Achievable. Since it is assumed that any radiation exposure involves some risk, doses shall be maintained as far below the regulatory limits as is …
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Some areas require specific authorization or an escort prior to entry. Be aware of and adhere to the following Hazard Communication: symbols, signs and other warnings located within and near …
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Operators must physically enter the test cell, bunker or shielded enclosure to ensure no persons are within the enclosure and it is safe in all respects to generate radiation. Operators must …
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Personnel Monitoring Personnel Monitoring Facility Monitoring Radiation Detectors
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Dosimetry Use is a Requirement for all Radiation Workers Dosimetry Use is a Requirement for all Radiation Workers Basic Dosimetry Use Guidelines Include: Keep away from non-occupational radiation …
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Test Cell/Bunker Commissioning and Routine Leakage Surveys Test Cell/Bunker Commissioning and Routine Leakage Surveys
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Radiation Leakage Surveys and Area Monitoring Radiation Leakage Surveys and Area Monitoring Gas Filled Detectors –Ionization Chambers Benefits – rugged, inexpensive, appropriate for Accuray …
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Briefly inspect the instrument for physical damage or excessive wear. Briefly inspect the instrument for physical damage or excessive wear. Ensure the instrument has been recently calibrated. Power …
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Management Responsibilities Management Responsibilities Promote a positive radiation safety culture and ensure adequate resources exist to develop/maintain a robust radiation safety program Radiation …
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Limit the radiation dose to involved persons … the first action during any emergency is to turn off the machine. Limit the radiation dose to involved persons … the first action during any emergency …
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For more information, visit: Safety/
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Radiation Safety Exam Please email all questions and comments to: RSO@accuray. com
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