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A world History of the architecture Mekhribanu Bekrimzhanovna Glaudinova Dr arch, associate professor 555cab.
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Architecture as a form of culture The subject of “The History of Architecture” as a science one Importance of “The History of Architecture” for architect and his work Connection between the history …
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Appearance of architecture. The most ancient erections Occasional caves and temporary tents Early humans are often thought of as dwelling in caves, largely because that is where we find traces of …
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The earliest artificial erections Homo habilis – 2 million years ago Homo erectus – 1 million years ago But Lucy (skeleton was find in 1976 at Ephyopia) – is dated 3,6 million years ago Khaddar and …
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shelter Confronted with the need for a shelter against sun or rain, the natural instinct is to lean some form of protective shield against a support - a leafy branch, for example, against the trunk …
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The earliest dwellings If there is no tree trunk available, the branches can be leant against each other, creating the inverted V-shape of a natural tent. The bottom of each branch will need some …
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From tents to round houses: 10 000 - 8000 BC Once human beings settle down to the business of agriculture, instead of hunting and gathering, permanent settlements become a factor of life. The story …
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jericho Most of the round houses in Jericho consist of a single room, but a few have as many as three The floor of each house is excavated some way down into the ground; then both the floor and the …
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Khirokitia The round tent-like house reaches a more complete form in Khirokitia, a settlement of about 6500 BC in Cyprus. Most of the rooms have a dome-like roof in corbelled stone or brick Seats and …
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Khirokitia. Natural and grafic reconstructions
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Khirokitia. Ancient altar - labyrinth
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GOBEKLI TEPE, Southern Turkey 10 000 BC
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Straight walls with windows: 6500 BC One of the best preserved neolithic towns is Catal Huyuk, covering some 32 acres in southern Turkey. The houses are rectangular, with windows but no doors. They …
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neolithic town Catal Huyuk
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Stone Age graves and temples: 5th - 2nd millennium BC The massive neolithic architecture of western Europe begins, in the 5th millennium BC, with passage graves. The name reflects the design. In any …
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Megalithic architecture Over the centuries increasingly large slabs of stone, or megaliths (from Greek megas - huge and lithos - stone), are used for the passage graves. Astronomical theme is added. …
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Rows of menhir, karnak (france, 2000 bc)
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New-grange An outstanding example is the passage grave at New-Grange in Ireland, dating from about 2500 BC. Huge slabs of stone, carved in intricate spiral patterns, form the walls of the chamber. At …
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The dolmen tunnel of New-grange In a later stage of this deeply mysterious Neolithic tradition the megaliths, previously hidden beneath the mounds of the tombs, emerge in their own right as great …
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Stonehenge The site is in ritual use over a very long period, from about 3000 to 1100 BC. The largest stones, with their enormous lintels, are erected in about 2000 BC.
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The world most ancient temples (malta, 4000 bc) 23 stone constructions (Kemmuna, Gozo and Malta islands) Weight of the wall stones - 15 т Строители умели вырезать проходы в цельном камне и …
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The world most ancient temples (malta, 4000 bc)
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Features of planning Every temple has massive dolmen entrance The corridor leads to altar Along it there are 2 pair of the semicircle rooms, inside of each of them - altar
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